Accuracy of sonographic features to diagnose malignancy in ovarian cycsts- in a tertiary care hospital Bahawalpur- Pakistan

Ovarian mass is a common clinical problem in reproductive age women, and ovarian malignancy presents late and thus at an advanced stage. That is the reason for its poor 5 year survival despite all advances in gynaecological surgery and oncological chemotherapeutics. It is extremely essential to estimate the risk of malignancy before deciding on the type of surgery for a patient with an ovarian cyst or mass. Objective was determine the sensitivity and specificity of individual sonographic features to predict malignancy in ovarian tumours. It was a cross - sectional study. Clinical and sonographic evaluation of 220 patients presenting with ovarian cysts to Department of Gynaecology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur was followed by histological examination at Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. We analysed 220 cases of ovarian masses. Mean age of patients was 47.3 +/- 3.8 years. Most common [57.3%] presenting complaint among these patients was abdominal pain followed by distension and palpable mass [21.8% and 19.1% respectively]. On ultrasonography, ecogenicity, papillary projections and multilocularity were commonly observed in malignant cases. Colour Doppler was used to estimate the blood flow. On histopathology, 207 [94.1%] were diagnosed as benign and only 13 [5.9%] as malignant. Among benign, most common diagnoses were follicular / luteal cysts [34.8%] followed by serous cystadenoma [24.6%] and serous cysts [15.4%]. Among malignant, 6 [46.2%] were serous cystadenocarcinoma, 3 [23.1%] were mucinous adenocarcinoma and 2 [15.4%] were granulose cell tumor. Most of ovarian masses are diagnosed as benign. Sonographic features especially increased ecogenicity, solid component, papillary projections, multilocularity and increased blood flow do predict malignant behavior but their sensitivity is low

Correlation between type of leprosy and specific and non-spcific bone lesions

This study is probably one of its kinds in Pakistan, in which radiological assessment was done in order to find out which type of leprosy has higher frequency of specific and non-specific bone lesions. Forty four patients of leprosy were selected after clinical and laboratory tests. They comprised lepromatous [LL], borderline lepromatous [BL], borderline tuberculoid [BT] and indeterminate [polyneurotic][IL] types of leprosy. The lepromatous [LL] and borderline tuberculoid [BT] showed maximum specific and nonspecific bone lesions in hands and feet. The radiologist has seldom any role in making initial diagnosis, but has got a vital part to play in assessing the disease activity and extent of bone involvement. In cases of lepromatous and borderline tuberculoid type of leprosy, it is advisable to have serial X-rays of hands and feet routinely to detect any bone lesions and associated complications to help the surgeons in planning reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation

Histological evaluation of testosterone propionate

Sexually mature sixty adult male rabbits were divided into six groups. Al and A2, A3 and A4 and A5 and A6. They were given injection TP s/c for one to three months. The animals in groups Al, A3 and A5 were sacrificed at monthly intervals for three months to check the effects of drug therapy on spermatogenesis. The animals in groups A2, A4 and A6 were kept further for one to three months without any drug therapy to check recovery of spermatogenesis and then sacrificed. Testis were removed and studied for various gross and histological parameters. In groups Al, A3 and A5 there was gradual regression of spermatogenesis but it was most marked and swift in group A5. There was a slow and gradual recovery of spermatogenesis only in group A6, while in group A2 and A4 recovery was minimal. TP cannot be used as an effective and reversible male hormonal contraceptive on long term basis due to its adverse effects on the testis in particular and on the body in general

Radiological evaluation of tarsal disintergration in leprosy

Tarsal Disintegration [TD] is a known entity occuring exclusively in neuropathic foot of leprosy. It is a complex and less understood phenomenon influenced by many factors among them the disease itself, altered gait due to sensory and muscular paralysis resulting in repeated trauma. In this study conducted in the Department of Radiology, C.M.H., Rawalpindi in collaboration with Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital, these factors were studied in detailed radiologically. It was found that sensory loss and muscular paralysis due to disease, results in changes in weight bearing and weight transmission in feet during standing and propulsion which constitute one of the major factors in occurrence and progression of T.D. Early detection of bony changes that can lead to T.D. is very crucial. By periodic check x-rays of the feet for soft tissue and bones with and without weight bearing, the radiologist can help the treating doctor, to take preventive and curative measures. Fissuring in the fibro-fatty layers of the sole causes infection of soft tissue and may result in osteomyelitis of already compromised bones and can results in occurrence and progression of TD, if preventive and curative measures are not adopted and followed on war footing along with health education

Radiological evaluation of bone changes in leprosy

A study involving 44 patients of leprosy was conducted in the Radiology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi in association with the Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital. All patients had bone changes of either specific or non- specific type. Plain radiography was carried out with a view to evaluate its feasibility as a worthwhile source of supplementary data in planning strategy for treatment. The study group predominantly consisted of male patients between 51 and 60 years of age. Lepromatous leprosy accounted for 52% and borderline tuberculoid leprosy for 29% of the cases. The remaining belonged to either borderline lepromatous or indeterminate subtypes. Both specific and non-specific lesions were most commonly seen in lepromatous type, followed by border line type and were more frequent and marked in feet than in hands. Cortical thinning/irregularity was the most common specific bone change in 79% hands and 81% feet. On the other hand generalized osteoporosis was seen in 77% hands and 81% feet, making it the most commonly seen non-specific bone change

Effect of medroxy progesterone acetate on rabbit testis

Sixty sexually mature, male rabbits were divided into groups: Al, A2, A3, A4, A5 and AG were given MPA for one to three months. The animals of groups Al, A3 and A5 were sacrificed at monthly intervals for three months to determine the effects on spermatogenesis while animals of groups A2, A4 and A6 were kept for a futher one to three months to check the recovery of spermatogenesis and then sacrificed. Testes were removed and studied for various parameters. In groups Al, A3 and A5, there was sequential regression of spermatogenesis but it was most f marked and swift in group A5. There was a sequentail recovery of sepermatogensis in groups A2, A4 and AG, but it was most marked and complete in group AG. MPA can be used as an effective and reversible male contraceptive but it possesses a few adverse side effects